Epigenetic signaling pathways, and the molecular players that interpret and sustain their signals, are critical to understanding the underlying pathology of breast cancer progression. Epigenetic changes, critical for imprinting and tissue specific development, in the incorrect context can lead to global signaling rewiring driving pathological phenotypes. Interrogating the transcriptome alone has yet to define clear functional determinants of progression from DCIS to IDC. This has led to a current state of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Thus, patients diagnosed with DCIS will undergo surgery with the potential for radiation and hormone therapy. Although only a small subset of DCIS lesions are predicted to progress into a breast cancer, distinguishing innocuous from minacious DCIS lesions remains a clinical challenge. Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) is an early breast cancer lesion that is considered a nonobligate precursor to development of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).
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